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About Borobudur

Location

Borobudur Temple Borobudur is located in the Village, District of Borobudur, Magelang regency, Central Java Province. Astronomically located at latitude and 1100.121.1311 70.361.2811 BT. Geographical environment of Borobudur Temple surrounded by Mount Merapi and Merbabu in the East, Mount Sindoro and Cleft in the north, and south Menoreh mountains, and is located between Sungai Progo and the Elo. Borobudur is built upon a hill that has been modified, with an altitude of 265 above sea level.

Building Forms

- Plan Borobudur length 121.66 meters and 121.38 meters wide.
- Height 35.40 meters.
- The composition of nine buildings and a stupa terraces in the main peak. Consists of six square terraces berdenah berdenah 3 promissing Terrace of the circle.
- Vertical division includes level Kamadhatu philosophically, Rupadhatu, and Arupadhatu.
- Distribution of vertical technically covers the lower, middle, and top.
- There are up stairs in the four main directions with its main entrance to the east with her pradaksina.
- The stones come from Borobudur Temple Borobudur rivers around the whole volume of about 55 000 square meters (approximately two million pieces of stone)
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History Findings

Borobudur temple reappeared in 1814 when Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles, the British Governor General who becomes the guardian of Indonesia is conducting activities in Semarang, at that time Raffles was informed that the area has been found Kedu pictorial composition of the rock, then he sent for a Dutchman Cornelius cleaning. This work was continued by the Resident Kedu named Hartman in 1835. In addition to cleaning activities, she also conducts research, especially towards the top of the stupa of Borobudur temple, but unfortunately on this research report was never published. Documentation in the form of drawings of buildings and temple reliefs done by Wilsen during the four years since 1849, while the images of documents created in 1873 by Van Kinsbergen. According to the legend of the Borobudur Temple was founded by architect Gunadharma, but historically it is not certain. Casparis opinion based on interpretation of the inscriptions numbered from the year 824 AD and the inscriptions of Sri Kahulunan 842 AD, the founder of the Borobudur Temple is Smaratungga who ruled in 782-812 AD at the time Syailendra dynasty. Borobudur Temple was built to glorify the Mahayana Buddhism.

Opinion Dumarcay Borobudur temple established in the five stages of development, namely:

- Phase I 780 AD
- Phase II and III 792 AD
- Phase IV 824 CE
- Phase V 833 AD
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The name of Borobudur Temple

About penamaannya also have some opinions of them:
Raffles: The ancient Budur (Boro = ancient, Budur = name of the place) the great Buddha (Boro = great, Budur = Buddha), Buddhist lot (Boro = many, Budur = Buddha)
Moens: Cities of the high penjunjung Buddha
Casparis: Derived from the word kamulan ibhumisambharabudara, based on quotations from the inscriptions of Sri Kahulunan 842 M, which means a collection of sacred building that symbolizes the good of the ten levels of Bodhisattva.
Poerbatjaraka: Monastery in Budur (Budur = name of a place / village)
Soekmono and Stutertheim: Bara and Budur means monastery on the hill by Soekmono Borobudur temple functions as a place of pilgrimage for the glory of Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism and ancestor worship.
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Restoration

Borobudur restoration efforts are conducted twice, first by the Dutch East Indies government under the leadership of Van Erp and the second conducted by the Indonesian government which is headed by Soekmono (late).

First-year renewals 1907 - 1911, Restoration I fully financed by the Dutch East Indies government. Restoration targets aimed more at the top of the temple are three circular terraces and the central stupa. But because some of the stones are not found again, the peak (Catra) stupa, can not be reassembled. The restoration of the bottom part is more like a patchwork of repairs / equalization hall, repairing the walls and ledges without dismantling so that it still looks crooked. Conservation efforts have been made since the restoration of the first by the Dutch government to continuously make observations and research on the Borobudur Temple, while the process of degradation and weathering of the stones of Borobudur temple which is caused by various factors continues. And the results of research conducted by a committee which was formed in 1924 found that the causes of the damage was there three kinds, namely corrosion, mechanical work and power of the pressure and stress in the rocks themselves (OV 1930: 120-132).

Restoration II in 1973 - 1983, Van Erp After restoration effort was completed in 1911, maintaining the Borobudur Temple continued. Based on the comparison between the current environment with the photos that made Van Erp 10 years earlier, apparently known to damage the process continues to occur at the Borobudur Temple and getting worse, especially at the wall relief of the stones were damaged by the influence of climate. Besides the temple buildings are also threatened by damage. With the addition of Indonesia to the United Nations, the Indonesian automatically become members of UNESCO. Through institutions such UNECO, Indonesia began to appeal to the international community to take a very historic building to save it. The effort has succeeded, with funding from UNESCO Pelita and funds, began in 1975 carried out a total refurbishment. Therefore the situation is still good Arupadhatu level, only the lower level are dismantled. In the dismantling of these there are three kinds of work, which consists of techno archaeological Rupadhatu dismantling all parts, that is four levels above the square foot, the engineering work